Different Types of Diatomaceous Earth: How to Choose the Right One

Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a naturally occurring sedimentary rock made up of the fossilized remains of microscopic algae called diatoms. These diatoms have silica-rich exoskeletons that accumulate over millions of years, forming a highly porous and abrasive material. Due to its unique properties, DE has found widespread use in industries such as agriculture, pest control, water filtration, and even personal health.

However, not all diatomaceous earth is created equal. There are several different types of diatomaceous earth, each processed and used for specific applications. Choosing the wrong type could lead to ineffective results or even pose safety risks.

This article explores the different kinds of diatomaceous earth, their characteristics, benefits, and how to choose the right one for your needs.

What is Diatomaceous Earth?

Diatomaceous earth is primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), a naturally occurring compound that is the primary component of sand, quartz, and glass. The key characteristic of DE is its high porosity and abrasive texture, which makes it effective in applications like:

• Absorbing moisture and toxins
• Acting as a natural insecticide
• Filtering impurities from liquids
• Providing a dietary supplement rich in silica

Because DE is derived from fossilized diatoms, it contains tiny, sharp-edged particles that are harmless to humans and animals in certain forms but deadly to insects with exoskeletons. This explains why it is often used in pest control.

While DE is an extremely versatile substance, selecting the right type of diatomaceous earth is critical to ensuring safety and effectiveness in its application.

The Different Types of Diatomaceous Earth

There are several different kinds of diatomaceous earth, each categorized based on its processing method and intended use. The primary types include:

1. Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth

Description

Food-grade diatomaceous earth is the purest form of DE, containing at least 85-95% amorphous silica and less than 1% crystalline silica. The term "food-grade" means it has been deemed safe for consumption by humans and animals. It undergoes minimal processing to ensure it remains free from contaminants such as heavy metals and harmful additives.

Uses

• Dietary supplement – Some people take DE internally for its potential health benefits, including improved digestion, detoxification, and joint health.
• Parasite control – It is commonly added to livestock and pet food to help eliminate internal parasites naturally.
• Food preservation – It is used in grain storage to prevent insect infestations without chemicals.
• Skin care – Some cosmetic products include DE for its exfoliating properties.
• Natural deodorizer – It absorbs odors and moisture, making it useful in refrigerators and pet litter boxes.

How to Choose Food-Grade DE

If you need DE for personal consumption, pet care, or organic farming, food-grade diatomaceous earth is the only safe option. Always ensure the packaging is labeled as "food-grade" and check for regulatory certifications from organizations like the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) or OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute).

2. Filter-Grade (Pool-Grade) Diatomaceous Earth

Description

Pool-grade or filter-grade diatomaceous earth is processed at high temperatures (calcination), which changes its structure and increases the crystalline silica content to 60% or more. This makes it highly effective for filtration but also hazardous to human and animal health if inhaled or ingested.

Uses

• Swimming pool filtration – It is a key component in pool filter systems, trapping microscopic debris and ensuring clean water.
• Water purification – Used in industrial filtration systems to remove impurities from drinking water.
• Beer and wine filtration – Helps clarify beverages by removing fine particles.

How to Choose Filter-Grade DE

If you need diatomaceous earth for filtration, pool-grade diatomaceous earth is the best option. However, it should never be used for human consumption, pest control, or agriculture, as the high crystalline silica content makes it dangerous.

3. Pest-Control Diatomaceous Earth

Description

This type of diatomaceous earth is often food-grade but specially labeled for pest control applications. It works by damaging the exoskeletons of insects, causing dehydration and death. Some brands may include additional natural pesticides or attractants to enhance effectiveness.

Uses

• Household pest control – Used to eliminate bedbugs, fleas, ants, and cockroaches.
• Pet treatment – Safe for dusting onto pet fur to kill fleas and mites.
• Garden pest control – Protects plants from aphids, slugs, and other harmful insects.
• How to Choose Pest-Control DE

Look for DE products labeled "pest control" or "insecticide." Ensure it is food-grade and does not contain harmful chemical additives.

4. Industrial-Grade Diatomaceous Earth

Description

Industrial-grade DE is often coarser and contains a higher percentage of crystalline silica, making it unsafe for human contact. It is used in construction, manufacturing, and environmental cleanup.

Uses

• Absorbent material – Used in spill cleanup, especially for oils and chemicals.
• Additive in paints and coatings – Provides texture and improves durability.
• Insulation and fireproofing – Used in high-temperature environments.

How to Choose Industrial-Grade DE

This type should only be handled by professionals with proper protective gear due to the health risks associated with crystalline silica inhalation.

5. Agricultural-Grade Diatomaceous Earth

Description

Similar to food-grade DE, agricultural DE is designed for use in farming, especially in animal feed and crop protection.

Uses

• Grain storage – Prevents insect infestations in stored grains.
• Livestock feed additive – Improves digestion and eliminates parasites in animals.
• Soil amendment – Enhances soil aeration and moisture retention.

How to Choose Agricultural-Grade DE

Look for OMRI-listed agricultural DE if you need a safe, organic farming solution.

How to Choose the Right Type of Diatomaceous Earth

Now that we’ve covered the different types of diatomaceous earth, let’s break down how to select the best one for your needs.

1. Determine Your Intended Use

• For human or pet consumption → Choose food-grade diatomaceous earth.
• For swimming pool filtration → Use pool-grade diatomaceous earth.
• For pest control → Opt for pest control DE (or food-grade DE).
• For industrial applications → Select industrial-grade DE.
• For farming and agriculture → Pick agricultural diatomaceous earth.

2. Check the Silica Content

Food-grade DE should have a high amorphous silica content (85% or more) and less than 1% crystalline silica.

Filter-grade DE has a high crystalline silica content (often above 60%) and is hazardous if inhaled.

3. Consider Safety Precautions

Always wear a mask when handling diatomaceous earth, regardless of the type.

Keep pool-grade and industrial DE away from children and pets.

Ensure proper ventilation when applying DE for pest control.

4. Buy from Reputable Suppliers

Since different kinds of diatomaceous earth serve different purposes, always purchase from trusted suppliers who provide clear labeling and quality certifications.

Conclusion

Diatomaceous earth is an incredibly versatile material, but selecting the right type of diatomaceous earth is crucial for safety and effectiveness. Whether you're using it for pest control, food supplementation, filtration, or industrial applications, understanding the different kinds of diatomaceous earth ensures the best results.